Caabuqa daba-dheeraada wuxuu sababi karaa noocyo kala duwan oo burooyin xunxun oo ay ku jiraan kansarka beerka. Markii hore, waxaa guud ahaan la rumeysan yahay in caabuqa uu si toos ah u saameeyo unugyada burooyinka oo uu kiciyo kala duwanaanshahooda si uu uga ilaaliyo dhimashada. Jaamacadda California, San Diego Michael Karin iyo kuwa kale waxay ogaadeen in cagaarshowga joogtada ah uu kiciyo kansarka beerka isagoo xakameynaya ilaalinta difaaca. (Nature. 2017 Nof 08. doi: 10.1038 / nature24302)
Recently, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapy has achieved great success in buro treatment. Prompt the significant effect of activated immune cells to eradicate tumors, but now we have not taken the role of immune surveillance or adaptive immunity in tumorigenesis seriously. This study provides the most powerful and direct evidence to support adaptive immunity to actively prevent kansarka beerka.
Cilmi-baadhayaashu ma aysan isticmaalin qaabka jiirka ee isbeddelka hidda-wadaha ee dhaqameed ee injineernimada, laakiin qaabka jiirka ee laga soo qaatay koorsada dabiiciga ah ee aan khamriga ahayn steatohepatitis (NASH). Buradani waxay aad ugu egtahay kansarka beerka ee bini'aadamka. NASH waa cudur beerka ku socda oo daba dheeraada oo uu keeno dufanka beerka ku urura. Waxay keeni kartaa dhaawac beerka ah, fibrosis, iyo tiro badan oo ah isbeddellada hidde-sideyaasha, taasoo keenta cirrhosis, beerka oo shaqadiisa gabay, iyo kansarka beerka hepatocellular.
Daraasadu waxay ogaatay in isbeddellada hidda-wadaha ee NASH-ku ay kicin karaan habka difaaca jirka, oo ay ku jiraan unugyada cytotoxic T, si ay u aqoonsadaan oo u weeraraan unugyada burooyinka soo baxaya; si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka iyo jiirarka, cagaarshow dabadheeraad ah ayaa sidoo kale keena ururinta unugyada difaaca jirka ee lymphocyte IgA + .
Dagaalka labada unug ee difaaca jirka, unugyada IgA + iyo unugyada cytotoxic T, lymphocytes difaaca jirka ayaa guuleysta. Unugyada IgA + waxay muujinayaan Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) iyo interleukin-10, waxayna si toos ah u joojiyaan hepatotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes iyada oo loo marayo PD-L1. Ka dib marka unugyada T la xakameeyo, burooyinka beerka ayaa sameysma oo ku koraa jiirarka cagaarshowga joogtada ah.
Intaa waxaa dheer, 15 ka mid ah jiirarka oo aan lahayn unugyada cytotoxic T ee ka hortagga burooyinka, 27% jiirarka ayaa soo saaray burooyinka beerka ee waaweyn bilihii 6, mana jiro mid ka mid ah jiirarka leh unugyada cytotoxic T oo leh burooyin. Ku dhawaad ma jiraan buro ku jirta jiirarka iyada oo aan lahayn lymphocytes immunosuppressive, oo soo jeedinaya maqnaanshaha unugyada IgA +, si unugyada cytotoxic T loo sii daayo si ay u dhamaystiraan saameynta anti-buro.
PD-L1 waxay leedahay saamaynta kicinta difaaca jirka ee lymphocytes si ay u xakamayso unugyada cytotoxic T, soo bandhigta daciifnimada habkan ficilka. Markii cilmi-baarayaashu ay isticmaaleen daroogo ama injineernimada hidaha si ay u joojiyaan PD-L1, unugyada IgA + ayaa laga saaray beerka. Unugyada T sunta ah ee dib loo hawlgeliyay waxay door ka ciyaaraan baabi'inta burooyinka. Tani waxay bixisaa taageero aragti ah oo lagu xannibayo PD-L1 daawooyinka PD-1 inhibitor kuwaas oo keeni kara dib u noqoshada kansarka beerka. Xubinta koowaad ee fasalkan daawooyinka, nivolumab, ayaa dhawaan loo ansixiyay daawaynta kansarka hepatocellular sare. Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay baranayaan sida unugyada IgA + loogu ururiyo beerka, iyagoo rajeynaya inay helaan habab lagu farageliyo ururinta ama jiilka unugyadaas, oo ay bixiyaan fikrado cusub oo ka hortagga ama daaweynta hore ee kansarka beerka.
Bristol-Myers Squibb's nivolumab (Nivolumab, Opdivo) waxaa ansixiyay US FDA bishii Sebtembar ee sanadkan bukaanada hepatocellular kansarka ka dib daawaynta sorafenib ka dib, isagoo noqday kii ugu horeeyay oo kaliya ee FDA ogolaatay tilmaantan Daawooyinka difaaca ka hortagga burooyinka.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, horjoogayaasha PD-1 oo ay ku jiraan Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), AstraZeneca's Durvalumab (Imfinzi), BeiGene BGB-A317, Hengrui's SHR-1210, iwm. Tijaabooyin caafimaad oo loogu talagalay daaweynta kansarka beerka ayaa socda.
