Immunotherapy ee daaweynta kansarka
Cancer CAR-NK therapy has an effective rate of 73%, and is being recruited in domestic clinical trials.
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the way cancer is treated. Cancer immunotherapy is divided into two categories: one is immune checkpoint inhibitors, and PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have been approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers. And the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded the contribution of the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors to humans.
Midda kale waa immunotherapy unug, kaas oo ay ku jiraan chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T therapy is the most rapidly progressing one. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two CAR-T cell therapies, Yescarta and Kymriah, which mainly target hematological tumors, leukemias and lymphomas.
CAR T Daaweynta unugyada
CAR-T therapy has a long way to go to treat solid tumors, so scientists have begun to seek other cellular daawoyinka difaaca jirka to treat cancer, and natural killer (NK) cell therapy is one of the most promising methods. The success of CAR-T cell therapy has stimulated enthusiasm for modifying NK cells with CAR genes to enhance their tumor-killing ability.
Recently, the results of a phase I / IIa trial of the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States announced that CD19-targeted umbilical cord blood chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy (CAR-NK) has achieved a clinical response. No major toxicities were observed in patients with refractory or refractory lymphoma non-Hodgkin (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Xogta baaritaanka daaweynta unugga CAR-NK
Natiijooyinka tijaabada ayaa lagu daabacay shalay joornaalka New England Journal of Medicine. 11ka bukaan ee kaqeyb galaya daraasada, 8 (73%) ayaa kajawaabay daaweynta, 7 kamid ahina waxay kajawaabeen gebi ahaanba, taasoo la macno ah inaysan hada kadib muujinin astaamaha kansarka la socoshada dhexdhexaadka ah ee 13.8 bilood, bukaanna aysan la kulmin unugyo Cudurka sii deynta 'Factor syndrome' ama 'neurotoxicity'.
Jawaabta daaweynta unugyada CD19 CAR-NK waxay ahayd mid muhiim ah 1 bil gudahood ka dib faleebada, iyo ku adkaysiga unugyadan ayaa wali lagu ogaadey 1 sano gudahood faleebada.
Qoraaga la midka ah Katy Rezvani, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay unugyada unugyada 'Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy', ayaa yiri: "Waxaa na lagu dhiirrigaliyay natiijooyinka tijaabada bukaan socodka, taas oo fulin doonta daraasado caafimaad oo dheeri ah si loo barto suurtagalnimada unugyada CAR-NK ee dhiigga laga soo qaatay. bukaan ubaahan xulashooyinka daaweynta. “
Xarunta Xarunta Kansarka ee MD Anderson, unugyada NK ayaa laga soocay dhiiga xudunta deeqda ah waxaana hidde ahaan loo farsameeyay si loo muujiyo CAR loo baahan yahay, kaas oo lagu garan karo bartilmaameedyada u gaarka ah kansarka. Unugyada CAR-NK sidoo kale waxay u baahan yihiin “in lagu qalabeeyo” IL-15, oo ah meyroleelool tilmaam difaaca jirka ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu xoojiyo kororka unugyada iyo noolaanshaha.
Daraasaddan, unugyada CAR-NK waa allogeneic, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in unugyadan laga soo qaatay deeq-bixiyeyaasha caafimaadka qaba ee aan la xiriirin bukaanka, ee aan ahayn bukaanka laftiisa. Sidaa darteed, unugyada CAR-NK waxay awood u leeyihiin in la soo saaro oo horay loo sii kaydiyo si degdeg ah loogu isticmaalo. Taa bedelkeeda, hadda unugyada ganacsiga ee CAR-T ee ganacsi ahaan la heli karo waxay u baahan yihiin inay adeegsadaan habsocod kordhin dhaqameed toddobaadle ah si ay u soo saaraan unugyada T ee hidde ahaan loo farsameeyo iyadoo lagu saleynayo hiddo-wadaha bukaan-socodka.
Unugyada CAR-NK waxay leeyihiin faa iidooyin badan unugyada CAR-T
First, unlike CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells retain the inherent ability to recognize and target buro cells through their natural receptors, so that when CAR-NK targeted therapy is used, tumor cells are less likely to escape killing.
Second, CAR-NK cells do not undergo immune rejection for days to weeks. As a result, they have not shown the same safety issues in many CAR-T clinical trials, such as the absence of cytokine sii daayo syndrome.
Ugu dambeyntiina, unugyada NK uma baahna iswaafajin adag oo HLA ah mana lahan awood ay ku keenaan cudur ku-tallaal-ka-horjeedka martida loo yahay, taas oo khatar weyn ugu jirta CAR-T unugyada difaaca jirka.
