Immunotherapy mukurapa kenza
Kurapa kweCancer CAR-NK ine mwero unoshanda we73%, uye iri kutorwa mumakiriniki edzimba.
Immunotherapy yakashandura nzira iyo gomarara rinorapwa. Cancer immunotherapy yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: imwe ndeye immune checkpoint inhibitors, uye PD-1, PD-L1 uye CTLA-4 zvakabvumidzwa kurapwa kweakasiyana kenza. Uye iyo 2018 Nobel Prize muPhysiology kana Mushonga yakapa mupiro wekuvandudza kweimmune checkpoint inhibitors kuvanhu.
Imwe yacho ndeye cellular immunotherapy, umo iyo chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T therapy is the most rapidly progressing one. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two CAR-T cell therapies, Yescarta and Kymriah, which mainly target hematological tumors, leukemias and lymphomas.
CAR T Cell kurapwa
CAR-T therapy has a long way to go to treat solid tumors, so scientists have begun to seek other cellular immunotherapies to treat cancer, and natural killer (NK) cell therapy is one of the most promising methods. The success of CAR-T cell therapy has stimulated enthusiasm for modifying NK cells with CAR genes to enhance their tumor-killing ability.
Recently, the results of a phase I / IIa trial of the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States announced that CD19-targeted umbilical cord blood chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy (CAR-NK) has achieved a clinical response. No major toxicities were observed in patients with refractory or refractory kwete-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
CAR-NK sero yekurapa data rekutsvaga
Mhedzisiro yekutongwa yakaburitswa nezuro muNew England Journal of Medicine. Pakati pevarwere gumi nemumwe vari kutora chikamu mutsvakiridzo, vasere (11%) vakapindura pakurapwa, uye vanomwe vavo vakapindura zvizere, zvichireva kuti havacharatidze zviratidzo zvegomarara pakutevera kwemwedzi 8, uye hapana varwere vakasangana nemaseru. Factor kuburitsa chirwere kana neurotoxicity.
Mhinduro kuCD19 CAR-NK cell therapy yaive yakakosha mukati memwedzi mumwe mushure mekunyorwa, uye kushingirira kwemasero aya kwakange kuchiri kuwanikwa mukati megore rimwe mushure mekunyorwa.
Munyori anowirirana Katy Rezvani, Muzvinafundo weStem Cell Transplantation uye Cell Therapy, akati: "Tinokurudzirwa nezvakabuda mukuongororwa kwekiriniki, iyo ichaita zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekiriniki kuongorora kugona kweiyo tambo yeallogeneic tambo yeropa-inotorwa neCAR-NK masero se murwere anoda nzira dzekurapa. "
KuMD Anderson Cancer Center, masero eNK akasarudzika kubva kune yakapihwa umbilical tambo yeropa uye nemajini kugadzirwa kuratidza iyo inodikanwa CAR, iyo inogona kuratidza cancer-yakanangana nezvinangwa. CAR-NK maseru anodawo "kugadzirirwa" neIL-15, mamorekuru ekuratidzira immune akagadzirirwa kuwedzera kuwanda kwesero uye kurarama.
Muchidzidzo ichi, maCAR-NK maseru ane allogeneic, zvinoreva kuti maseru aya anotorwa kubva kune vanopa vane hutano vasina hukama nemurwere, kwete murwere chaiye. Naizvozvo, maCAR-NK maseru ane mukana wekugadzirwa uye kuchengetwa pamberi kuti ushandiswe nekukasira. Mukupesana, parizvino masero anowanikwa mukutengesa eCAR-T anofanirwa kushandisa yakawanda-vhiki tsika yekupararira tsika kuburitsa T maseru ayo akagadzirwa nemajini zvichibva pamajeni emurwere.
CAR-NK maseru ane akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro peCAR-T masero
First, unlike CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells retain the inherent ability to recognize and target tumarara cells through their natural receptors, so that when CAR-NK targeted therapy is used, tumor cells are less likely to escape killing.
Second, CAR-NK cells do not undergo immune rejection for days to weeks. As a result, they have not shown the same safety issues in many CAR-T clinical trials, such as the absence of cytokine release syndrome.
Chekupedzisira, NK maseru haadi yakasimba HLA inoenderana uye haina mukana wekukonzeresa-kupokana-kuitisa chirwere, inova njodzi yakakosha yeCAR-T cell immunotherapy.
