Rectal kansa is kenza izvo zvinoitika mumasentimita mashoma apfuura ekoloni. Iyi nzvimbo inonzi rectum. Mushonga mukuru wegomarara rerectal kuvhiyiwa. Zvichienderana nekufambira mberi kwegomarara, radiation therapy uye chemotherapy inogona kugamuchirwa. Kana kenza yerectal ikakurumidza kuitika, chiyero chekugara kwenguva refu chinenge 85% kusvika 90%. Kana kenza yerectal ikapararira kune lymph nodes, nhamba yezera rezera inodonha zvakanyanya.
Magomarara mazhinji emudumbu anotanga nemasero madiki anonzi polyps, anove kukura kwemaseru asiri egomarara. Mushure mekunge polyps yabviswa, kenza yemudumbu inogona kudzivirirwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kuongororwa kwegomarara rekoloni panguva yecolonoscopy kwakakosha. Mitemo yekudzivirira kenza yerectal inowanzokurudzira kuti colonoscopy screening inofanira kutanga pazera remakore makumi mashanu. Kana uine zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi, zvakadai senhoroondo yemhuri yegomarara remukati, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kakawanda kana kuti kare kuongorora kenza yekoloni.
Varwere vazhinji vane gomarara reruvara havana zviratidzo nezviratidzo mumatanho ekutanga echirwere. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo mumatanho ekupedzisira anokwanisa kusanganisira kubuda kweropa (kazhinji katsvuku), izvo zvinokanganiswa nekubuda ropa kwemamota; shanduko mumatumbu. kusagadzikana mudumbu; rectal kurwadziwa; Kunzwa kwekumhanyira kumashure uye mberi.
Varwere vanofanira kutanga vaongorora chikonzero chekubuda ropa kwadzo. Vanhu vazhinji vangangoti kubuda kweropa kumaronda kune zvakajairika hosha semamota, asi kunze kwekunge uine chirwere chemamorrhoid, iwe unofanirwa kuve nekuongororwa kwechiremba nekukasira kutonga kunze kwekuvapo kwepolyps kana rectal cancer. Kuti uite izvi, chiremba anoisa chigunwe chakakora, chakapfekerwa mukati mechikamu chezasi cheiyo rectum kuti atarise chero kusanzwisisika mureceum.
Mushure mokunge chiremba awana kukanganisa, kuitira kuti asimbise kuongororwa uye kuona chiyero chekukura kwekenza, mamwe mimwe miedzo inogonawo kuitwa. Colonoscopy inobvumira vanachiremba kuti vatarise colon yese, uye inogona kubvisa polyps kana tishu samples dze biopsy. A computed tomography (CT) scan kana X-ray inogona kuona kana gomarara rapararira. Mimwe bvunzo, senge endoscopic ultrasonography kana magineti resonance imaging (MRI), inogona kubatsira kuona kana gomarara rakapinda kupfuura rectum uye kuti malymph nodes akabatanidzwa here.
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa chirongwa chekurapa chevarwere vane gomarara reredza. Kana bundu racho risingakure kuburikidza nemadziro emadziro uye ma "lymph node" asina kukanganiswa, gomarara rinoonekwa sekutanga kwazvo (danho I). Bundu rakapinda kana kupfuura zvishoma kuburikidza nemadziro emadziro asi risina kupararira kune lymph node idanho rechipiri. Kana ichisanganisira lymph node, iri danho rechitatu. Kenza inopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo idanho IV.
Kuvhiya ndiko kurapwa kwakanyanya pamatanho ese ekenza rectal. Rudzi rwekuvhiya rwunotariswa nenzvimbo yebundu uye inosanganisira kubviswa kwemhasuru mhete (anal sphincter) panoperera rectum.
Kune kanzura dzinokura kubva murendamu kana kupinda mukati meguru, chiremba anovhiya anokurudzira kubvisa rectum padhuze nekenza kubvisa zvishoma gomarara reruzivo, uye kubvisa mativi ehutano hwakanaka hutete padhuze nekenza uye kubvisa lymph node dziri padyo.
Kana zvichikwanisika, chiremba anobatanidzazve zvikamu zvasara zvine hutano zverendamu nekoloni. Kana iyo isingakwanise kubatanidzwazve, zvingave zvakafanira kugadzira kuvhurwa kwechigarire (ostomy) kuburikidza nemudumbu remudumbu kubva muchikamu chemuura hwasara. Izvi zvinonzi colostomy.
Pamusoro pekuvhiyiwa, kenza yemuno yepamusoro yepamusoro inowanzo kurapwa ne radiation radiation uye chemotherapy. Kana gomarara rapararira kune lymph node iri padyo kana kukura kuburikidza nemadziro emadziro, chemotherapy uye radiation radiation inowanzo shandiswa.
Kana gomarara risina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, chemotherapy uye radiation zvinowanzoitwa pamberi pekuvhiyiwa kudzikisa bundu uye kuwedzera mukana wekubviswa kwese kwetsvina. Inowanzo kukurudzirwa kusanganisa chemotherapy uye radiotherapy yeiyo nhanho II uye III kenza yeruvara usati wavhiyiwa, uye mamwe makemotherapy anoitwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
Tichifunga nezve kuomarara kwechirwere chekenza chemberi, varwere vanofanirwa kubvunza chiremba wako kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvikaitika, kunyanya kubuda kweropa, shanduko muhukuru hwechituru kana hunhu, kana kusagadzikana kusarongeka kwereza.
-Robert Cima, MD, colon & Rectal Kuvhiya, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
