2021 Nollaig: CAR T-Cell therapy is currently approved for some forms of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Researchers have now also developed the corresponding GD2 CAR T-cell therapy for the treatment of neuroblastoma, i.e., childhood brain tumors. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and other adult cancers have the highest incidence. When discussing children’s cancer, many people instinctively believe that it is identical to adult cancer.
However, whether it is the cause of cancer or the type of cancer, there is a significant difference between childhood cancer and adult cancer. The most frequent childhood tumour is neuroblastoma, which is more common than lung cancer, gastric cancer, and other cancers. Neuroblastoma can account for half of all cancers in children under the age of five, greatly exceeding the proportion of various malignancies in adult cancers.
Mar sin féin, níl an ráta marthanais 5 bliana d'othair neuroblastoma fós go háirithe mór, agus níl gar do 40% go 50% d'othair fós in ann leigheas fadtéarmach a bhaint amach. Ar an gcaoi chéanna, má fhilleann an meall, tá an leanbh fós i mbaol, cosúil leis an méid a tharlaíonn nuair a fhilleann ailse fásta.
Is there a new treatment available?
Teiripe cille CAR-T has opened up a whole new universe in the field of advanced relapse and refractory B-cell cancers in recent years, and it has also allowed people to witness how effective it can be.
As a result, researchers have created a GD2-CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of neuroblastoma for the matching target of neuroblastoma. The findings of the clinical study were published in the most recent issue of “Science Translational Medicine.”
Áiríodh sa triail seo 12 leanbh san iomlán a raibh néarblastoma athiompaithe/teasfhulangacha orthu. Ar an iomlán, glacadh leis an gcógas go maith, agus ní raibh aon éifeachtaí lasmuigh den sprioc le feiceáil. In ainneoin nár shroich sé freagra cliniciúil oibiachtúil, thug na taighdeoirí faoi deara go raibh buntáiste teiripeach fíor i roinnt daoine aonair.
Is cailín 25 mbliana d’aois é Othar 010/8 le metastases neuroblastoma ar scála mór, lena n-áirítear metastases cnámh suntasach (atarlú tar éis cóireála ceathrú líne). Tháinig feabhas mór ar an riocht ginearálta tar éis 28 lá de Teiripe cille CAR-T, agus tá necróis meall forleathan léirithe ag an bhfíochán meall freisin.
Patient 25/013 is a 10-year-old girl who has had five treatments for multiple recurrent localised neuroblastomas. There were tumour nodules in the neck before therapy, but no distant metastases. An MRI showed that the tumour had shrunk after treatment. Following a tumour biopsy, it was discovered that the tumour had significant necrosis.
Is leanbh 25 mbliana d'aois é Othar 018/10 a bhfuil neuroblastoma athfhillteach aige atá scaipthe ar fud a chorp. Bhí trí sheisiún aige roimh agus ina dhiaidh sin, agus maolaíodh a chuid fadhbanna mar thoradh ar na teiripí.
However, while this study has demonstrated that the treatment is effective, after experiencing the peak of CAR-T cell therapy, the long-term expansion of CAR-T cells is not visible, making the treatment effect ineffective. It finally resulted in tumour recurrence, however, before that, this therapy helped 013 and 018 live for approximately 5 months longer.
Although this new CAR-T cell therapy cannot match the efficacy and durability of CD19-CAR-T cell therapy in haematological cancers, it demonstrates that CAR-T cell therapy can still be employed in the entity once a suitable target is identified. In the treatment of tumours, it has potent anti-tumor effects. To improve its therapeutic efficacy in solid malignancies, researchers will combine CAR-T activation with immune checkpoint drugs (PD-1 inhibitors).
The safety of this solid tumour CAR-T cell treatment is currently assured. The patient got CRS as a result of the medication, although no major neurotoxic reactions occurred. Medical teams receiving CAR-T cell therapy may soon have to respond to CRS as a matter of course. CAR-T cell therapy still has a long way to go in terms of overcoming solid tumours, but it will get there someday.
